Removing plaque effectively involves a combination of daily oral hygiene practices and occasional professional intervention. Plaque is a sticky, colorless film of bacteria that can quickly harden into calculus (tartar) if not removed daily, so consistent efforts are key[1].
- Brush your teeth twice daily using a fluoride toothpaste and a manual or electric toothbrush. Electric toothbrushes, especially those with oscillating-rotating or sonic technology, are more effective at disrupting and removing plaque, particularly in hard-to-reach areas[1].
- Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth and below the gumline, areas your toothbrush cannot reach[1].
This can be done with traditional floss, floss picks, or water flossers (oral irrigators). Water flossers use a pressurized stream to dislodge plaque and are particularly effective for those with braces, dental work, or dexterity challenges[1]. - Rinse with antiseptic mouthwash after brushing and flossing. Mouthwashes can reach areas missed by brushing and flossing, reducing bacteria and helping control plaque[2].
Second-generation mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine have higher substantivity and provide more effective plaque control with longer-lasting antibacterial effects[3]. - Chew sugar-free gum after meals for at least 20 minutes. This stimulates saliva production, which helps neutralize acids and wash away food particles, thereby reducing plaque formation[2].
Choose gum with the American Dental Association (ADA) seal for safety and effectiveness[2]. - Eat more fruits and vegetables and limit sugary or starchy foods. The natural fibers in fruits and vegetables increase saliva flow, which helps prevent plaque buildup[2].
- See your dentist regularly for professional cleanings. Only a dental professional can safely remove hardened calculus (tartar) once plaque mineralizes[1].
Additional aids, such as interdental brushes, rubber tip stimulators, and specially formulated toothpastes or gels, can provide further benefits, especially for those with gum disease or special oral hygiene needs[3].
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