Hyperpigmentation can be treated through a variety of topical treatments, cosmetic procedures, and dermatologist-guided therapies, depending on the severity and type of discoloration[1][2][4].
- Topical therapies: Common first-line options include hydroquinone (the gold standard for facial hyperpigmentation), retinoids (such as tretinoin or retinol), azelaic acid, vitamin C serums, and niacinamide. These agents work by inhibiting melanin production and increasing skin cell turnover[3][4][5][6].
- Chemical peels: Procedures using acids like glycolic, lactic, or salicylic acid can exfoliate the skin and gradually fade dark spots. It’s important that these be performed or supervised by an experienced provider to prevent worsening of pigmentation[1][2].
- Microdermabrasion and Dermabrasion: In-office procedures that remove superficial layers of skin to improve the appearance of pigmentation. Microdermabrasion is best for mild, surface-level discoloration, while dermabrasion penetrates deeper and may be considered for more significant pigment changes[1].
- Laser and Light Therapies: Laser treatments and intense pulsed light (IPL) can specifically target melanin and help reduce hyperpigmentation. Outcomes can be effective, but the risk of relapse or adverse effects may be higher with certain skin types or after sun exposure[2][3].
- Cryotherapy: This involves applying extreme cold to freeze dark spots, causing them to fade as the skin heals[4][8].
- Microneedling: Uses fine needles to create microchannels in the skin, stimulating collagen production and accelerating the fading of pigment[7].
- Prescription medications: Options like tranexamic acid pills or creams and L-cysteamine may be considered for resistant cases under physician supervision[6].
Regardless of treatment, using a broad-spectrum sunscreen daily is crucial to prevent further pigmentation and protect healing skin[3].
References
- [1] Hyperpigmentation Treatment: Acids, Peels, Lasers, and More – Healthline
- [2] Seeing spots? Treating hyperpigmentation – Mayo Clinic Health System
- [3] Hyperpigmentation Therapy: A Review – PMC
- [4] Hyperpigmentation/Discoloration – Northern California Kaiser Permanente
- [5] Dermatology: how to manage facial hyperpigmentation in skin of color – PMC
- [6] Hyperpigmentation on Dark Skin: Images and Treatment – GoodRx
- [7] Professional Treatments for Hyperpigmentation: Options & Results – Bellaire Dermatology
- [8] Pigmentation Disorders: Diagnosis and Management – AAFP
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